Has the Ukraine
crisis been defused?
David Ignatius
Has the Obama administration really found the famous “exit ramp” in
Ukraine that will provide an eventual diplomatic resolution of the crisis? It’s
too early to know, but there were certainly signs of progress Thursday in
Geneva, where seven hours of negotiations produced what
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov called “a
compromise, of sorts.”
President Obama doubtless will get brickbats from congressional
Republicans if he’s seen to be making concessions they’ll claim ratify Moscow’s
bullying in Ukraine. But this has always been a fight that mattered more to
Russia than to the West. President Vladimir Putin showed
in recent days that he was prepared to take Ukraine to the brink of civil war
to get his way. Even
if Obama had been ready for that confrontation, Europe wasn’t.
If the deal holds, it’s likely to open the way for what many U.S.
strategists have seen as the most stable path for Ukraine — a
country that looks east and west at the same time. The
Euromaidan protests last winter showed that western Ukrainians want
passionately to be part of Europe. The Russian-speaking protesters who massed
in eastern Ukraine may have been orchestrated by Moscow, but they feel deep
ties with Russia. What Thursday’s initial deal says is: Stand down.
Compromise is always hard to swallow. President John Kennedy was so worried
about public reaction to the secret deal he made with Moscow to avert the Cuban
missile crisis that details were suppressed until long after his death. Yet
that negotiation is remembered now as Kennedy’s finest moment. Obama will be lucky if Ukraine is remembered similarly,
as a dangerous confrontation that was defused.
The consequences of the alternative path, of an ever-escalating crisis,
were highlighted this week by Australian historian Christopher Clark, author of
“The Sleepwalkers: How Europe
Went to War in 1914.” In a lecture at the Center for
Strategic and International Studies, Clark compared the Ukraine
crisis with the 1914 catastrophe.
Clark noted the similarities between 100 years ago and today. There was
a “weary titan” then in Britain, just as some see in today’s United States. And
in both cases, there was the shock of an unanticipated crisis in a fragile
Eastern European country, which propelled nations toward the brink. The big
difference is that despite Russia’s aggressive moves in Ukraine, Western nations responded with what Clark called “caution
and circumspection” rather than lockstep escalation.
Clark was asked about one of his book’s most interesting sub-themes,
which is that the conflict a century ago was in part a “crisis of masculinity.”
European leaders were so determined to be “firm” and “upright” about
commitments that they drove straight into a wall.
This got me to thinking about the central personalities in this drama,
Putin and Obama. There is something of the summer
of 1914 about Putin. It’s not clear whether he sees himself as the tsar or the
gamekeeper when he’s photographed hunting tigers, or shooting whales with a crossbow,
or going bare-chested when fishing or riding horses. But he’s evidently
a man with something to prove, confident and insecure at the same time.
Putin wants to be the bad boy. As Obama said memorably of him:
“He’s got that kind of slouch, looking like the bored kid in the back of the
classroom.”
Obama, in contrast, has shown himself once more to be the opposite of a
macho politician. He is reserved and analytical, occasionally
caught shirtless on vacation but rarely photographed with the top buttons of
his shirt undone. He’s the good boy in the class,
sometimes to a fault.
Far from marching off the cliff, Obama stayed safely on the sidewalk. If he’d been guiding one of the major
European nations in that summer of 1914, one senses that he might have avoided
the reflexive mobilization for war that proved so disastrous. That sense of
caution would have been derided as “weak” in 1914, as Obama is now. As Clark observes, hawkish arguments
always tend to resonate better in crises than dovish ones.
“The protagonists of 1914 were sleepwalkers, watchful but unseeing . . . blind to the reality of the horror they
were about to bring into the world,” Clark writes in the book’s concluding
passage.
Whatever his faults, Obama is no sleepwalker. He has been acutely aware of the
dangers in Ukraine. He appealed for, and finally
demanded, de-escalation by Putin. The macho bully seized Crimea
and may well gain effective control of eastern Ukraine. The wary diplomat
appears, for now, to have averted war. Each side can reasonably claim success.
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Ignatius writes a
twice-a-week foreign affairs column and contributes to the PostPartisan blog.
Published: April 18
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